Effectiveness test of eco enzyme antibiotics towards the growth of Cutibacterium acnes bacteria in vitro

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Jan 16, 2026
Keywords:
Acne Vulgaris, Antibacterial, Eco enzyme , Cutibacterium acnes

Main Article Content

Farah Suhaila
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Ramadhan Bestari
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Dewi Yanti Handayani
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Siti Kemala Sari
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common skin infection in Indonesia, especially among adolescents, triggered by tropical climate, pollution, and Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Long-term use of antibiotics poses risks of side effects and bacterial resistance, leading to the need for natural alternatives such as eco enzyme, which contains antimicrobial compounds, acetic acid, and alcohol. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of eco enzyme against C. acnes growth. The method used was an experimental post-test only design with four eco enzyme concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) a positive control using clindamycin, and a negative control using DMSO, with an antibacterial testing period of five days. The test was conducted with five repetitions. Inhibition zone diameters were measured using a caliper and analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results showed antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 2.2 mm at a concentration of 25%, 4.9 mm at 50%, 6.6 mm at 75%, and 9.99 mm at 100% concentration, and effectiveness increased with concentration. It is concluded that eco enzyme exhibits weak to moderate antibacterial activity against C. acnes, possibly influenced by the limited phytochemical content and the presence of bacterial biofilms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Advances in Molecular and Health Sciences (Adv. Mol. Health Sci.)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Farah Suhaila, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Undergraduate Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jl. STM No. 77, Medan, North Sumatra, 20146, Indonesia

Ramadhan Bestari, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jl. STM No. 77, Medan, North Sumatra, 20146, Indonesia

Dewi Yanti Handayani, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jl. STM No. 77, Medan, North Sumatra, 20146, Indonesia

Siti Kemala Sari, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jl. STM No. 77, Medan, North Sumatra, 20146, Indonesia

References

Aji, N., Puspitasari, A., Nafisah, H., & Armilda, L. H. V. (2023). Antioxidant and Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Activities of Citronella Oil and Clove Oil, and their Formulation Into Emulgel. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 20(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v0i0.12629

Beig, M., Shirazi, O., Ebrahimi, E., Banadkouki, A. Z., Golab, N., & Sholeh, M. (2024). Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) isolates, A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.

Fadilah, N., Wahab, I., Basri, R. P. L., Waspodo, N., & Abdi, D. A. (2024). Hubungan Foundation (Alas Bedak) Dengan Kejadian Acne Vulgaris Pada Mahasiswi Angkatan 2021 & 2022 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4, 5026–5033.

Gumilar, G. G. (2023). Ecoenzyme Production, Characteristics, and Applications: A Review. Jurnal Kartika Kimia, 6(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.26874/jkk.v6i1.186

Hazarika, N. (2021). Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 32(3), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2019.1654075

Huang, J., Zaynab, M., Sharif, Y., Khan, J., Al-Yahyai, R., Sadder, M., Ali, M., Alarab, S. R., & Li, S. (2024). Tannins as antimicrobial agents: Understanding toxic effects on pathogens. Toxicon, 247, 107812. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107812

Huang, W., Wang, Y., Tian, W., Cui, X., Tu, P., Li, J., Shi, S., & Liu, X. (2022). Biosynthesis Investigations of Terpenoid, Alkaloid, and Flavonoid Antimicrobial Agents Derived from Medicinal Plants. Antibiotics, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101380

Kim, Y. G., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. J., Ryu, C. M., Seo, H. W., & Lee, J. T. (2024). Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by the Phytopigment Shikonin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042426

Legiawati, L., Halim, P. A., Fitriani, M., Hikmahrachim, H. G., & Lim, H. W. (2023). Microbiomes in Acne Vulgaris and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics, 12(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010145

Li, J., & Monje-Galvan, V. (2023). In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Antimicrobial Saponins: A Review. Processes, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102856

Munandar Nasution, H., Yuniarti, R., Rani, Z., & Nursyafira, A. (2022). Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) I.C. Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(3), 647–653. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v3i3.509

Ollyvia, Z. Z., Febriyana, N., Damayanti, D., & Ardani, I. G. A. I. (2021). The Association between Acne Vulgaris and Stress among Adolescents in Kenjeran, Surabaya. Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya, 10(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.20473/jps.v10i1.23483

Pariury, A. J. (2021). Potensi Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus Maxima Merr) Sebagai Antibakteri propionibacterium acne Penyebab Jerawat. Hang Tuah Medical Jurnal, 19.

Permatananda, P. A. N. K., I Gde Suranaya Pandit, Putu Nita Cahyawati, & Anak Agung Sri Agung Aryastuti. (2023). Antimicrobial Properties of Eco Enzyme: A Literature Review. Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 7(6), 3370–3376. https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v7i6.831

Putu, N., Primarista, V., Hanifah, A., Prasetyawan, S., Andayani, U., Ardyati, T., & Srihadyastutie, A. (2023). Effect of Eco-Enzyme’s Storage Duration on Hydrogen Peroxide Level and Its Antibacterial Activity. The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.igtj.2023.012.01.03

Ramadhani et al., 2022. (2022). Antibacterial Activity of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus) Eco-enzyme Againts Acne Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Prapionibacterium acnes). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research.

Vama and Cherekar, 2020. (2020). Production, Extraction and Uses of Eco-enzyme Using Citrus Fruit Waste Wealth from Waste. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences.

Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms, 9(10), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041

Wu, J., Guo, R., Chai, J., Xiong, W., Tian, M., Lu, W., & Xu, X. (2021). The Protective Effects of Cath-MH With Anti-Propionibacterium Acnes and Anti-Inflammation Functions on Acne Vulgaris. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12(December), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.788358